Macular degeneration
Description of condition
On the retina, the macula – the point with the sharpest vision – is the area with the largest density of photoreceptor cells. In the case of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), the function of photoreceptor cells is increasingly impaired, and they slowly die.
Fundamentally, a distinction is made between wet and dry macular degeneration.
Causes
AMD is a condition that usually occurs in old age. It is by far the most common cause of poor vision in the West. It generally occurs as a constitutional result of old age, but smoking and high blood pressure, for example, are also common risk factors.
Symptoms
As with glaucoma, the symptoms of macular degeneration are often detected late. The result is a slow decrease in visual acuity, reduced ability to read and distorted vision.
Diagnosis
During the check-up, central visual acuity is measured. Examination with the Amsler grid is a very significant test. If the grid lines on the paper do not appear straight for the patient, but distorted, this is a clear indication of macular degeneration.

Treatment
In the case of dry age-related macular degeneration, progression of the disease can be slowed by dietary supplements with high doses of vitamin C and E, beta carotene and zinc, along with lutein supplements. Wet macular degeneration is generally treated with special medication injected directly into the eye.
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